Due to the difficulty in ascribing causation, many phenomena overlap with — and can thus mistakenly be included in — statistics on the placebo effect.
- Natural termination of the disease process. Regression to the mean. Cyclical presentation of the disease. Errant diagnosis or prognosis. Temporary improvement confused with cure.
See also: The regression (or regressive) fallacy is a logical fallacy where regression towards the mean is seen not as a natural fluctuation but as being brought about by a specific cause.
- Hawthorne Effect Observer-expectancy effect
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. The observer-expectancy effect, in science, is a cognitive bias that occurs in science when a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment or misinterprets data in order to find it.
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